/* ============================================================
   Abdallah Abdelmajeed — personal website
   Paper + ink: warm paper ground, near-black ink, one peat-green
   accent. Sharp corners, hairline rules, IBM Plex for text and
   mono metadata. No gradients, no glow, no pills.
   ============================================================ */

:root {
  --paper: #f4f1ea;
  --paper-dark: #ece8dd;
  --card: #fbfaf6;
  --ink: #201f1b;
  --text-2: #45413a;
  --muted: #6f6a5e;
  --hairline: #ddd7c8;
  --hairline-soft: #e7e2d6;
  --accent: #2f6b4f;
  --accent-dark: #245641;
  --accent-soft: #e9efe7;
  --error: #a34424;
  --font-main: 'IBM Plex Sans', 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-rtl: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', 'IBM Plex Sans', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
  --font-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', 'Consolas', 'Menlo', monospace;
}

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-main);
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.55;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

body.is-rtl {
  font-family: var(--font-rtl);
}

:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Layout */
.flex { display: flex; }
.flex-col { flex-direction: column; }
.flex-row { flex-direction: row; }
.flex-wrap { flex-wrap: wrap; }
.items-center { align-items: center; }
.items-start { align-items: flex-start; }
.justify-between { justify-content: space-between; }
.justify-center { justify-content: center; }
.justify-start { justify-content: flex-start; }
.justify-end { justify-content: flex-end; }
.min-w-0 { min-width: 0; }
.truncate { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }

.gap-1 { gap: 0.25rem; }
.gap-2 { gap: 0.5rem; }
.gap-3 { gap: 0.75rem; }
.gap-4 { gap: 1rem; }
.gap-6 { gap: 1.5rem; }
.gap-8 { gap: 2rem; }

.space-y-1 > * + * { margin-top: 0.25rem; }
.space-y-2 > * + * { margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.space-y-3 > * + * { margin-top: 0.75rem; }
.space-y-4 > * + * { margin-top: 1rem; }
.space-y-6 > * + * { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.space-y-8 > * + * { margin-top: 2rem; }
.space-x-4 > * + * { margin-inline-start: 1rem; }

/* Sizing */
.w-full { width: 100%; }
.w-10 { width: 2.5rem; }
.w-48 { width: 12rem; }
.w-5 { width: 1.25rem; }
.w-4 { width: 1rem; }
.h-10 { height: 2.5rem; }
.h-48 { height: 12rem; }
.h-5 { height: 1.25rem; }
.h-4 { height: 1rem; }
.min-h-screen { min-height: 100vh; }

/* Spacing */
.p-4 { padding: 1rem; }
.p-5 { padding: 1.25rem; }
.p-6 { padding: 1.5rem; }
.p-8 { padding: 2rem; }
.px-4 { padding-left: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; }
.px-8 { padding-left: 2rem; padding-right: 2rem; }
.py-3 { padding-top: 0.75rem; padding-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.py-4 { padding-top: 1rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.py-8 { padding-top: 2rem; padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.py-12 { padding-top: 3rem; padding-bottom: 3rem; }
.py-16 { padding-top: 4rem; padding-bottom: 4rem; }
.py-24 { padding-top: 6rem; padding-bottom: 6rem; }
.pb-2 { padding-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.pb-6 { padding-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.pb-8 { padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.pl-0 { padding-left: 0; }
.pl-4 { padding-left: 1rem; }
.pl-8 { padding-left: 2rem; }
.mt-0\.5 { margin-top: 0.125rem; }
.mt-1 { margin-top: 0.25rem; }
.mt-2 { margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.mt-4 { margin-top: 1rem; }
.mt-6 { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.mt-8 { margin-top: 2rem; }
.mt-12 { margin-top: 3rem; }
.mb-1 { margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.mb-2 { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.mb-3 { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.mb-4 { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.mb-6 { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.ml-0 { margin-left: 0; }
.ml-1 { margin-left: 0.25rem; }
.ml-2 { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
.mr-1 { margin-right: 0.25rem; }
.mr-2 { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.my-6 { margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }

/* Typography */
.text-center { text-align: center; }
.text-left { text-align: left; }
.text-sm { font-size: 0.875rem; }
.text-lg { font-size: 1.125rem; }
.text-xl { font-size: 1.25rem; }
.text-2xl { font-size: 1.5rem; }
.text-3xl { font-size: 1.875rem; }
.text-4xl { font-size: 2.25rem; }
.font-light { font-weight: 300; }
.font-medium { font-weight: 500; }
.font-semibold { font-weight: 600; }
.font-bold { font-weight: 700; }
.uppercase { text-transform: uppercase; }
.tracking-wider { letter-spacing: 0.05em; }
.leading-relaxed { line-height: 1.625; }
.italic { font-style: italic; }

/* Colors — the tab pages use fixed Tailwind-ish class names; they are
   re-pointed here at the site palette so content follows the theme. */
.text-white { color: #fff; }
.text-gray-500 { color: var(--muted); }
.text-gray-600 { color: var(--text-2); }
.text-gray-700 { color: var(--text-2); }
.text-gray-900 { color: var(--ink); }
.text-red-700 { color: var(--error); }

.bg-white { background-color: var(--card); }
.bg-gray-50 { background-color: var(--paper-dark); }
.bg-\[\#f9fafb\] { background-color: var(--paper); }
.bg-\[\#f0f7ff\] { background-color: transparent; }
.bg-\[\#4a90e2\] { background-color: var(--accent); }
.bg-f0f7ff-soft { background: var(--paper-dark); }

.text-\[\#2e5f96\] { color: var(--ink); }
.text-\[\#4a90e2\] { color: var(--accent); }

.hover\:bg-gray-50:hover { background-color: var(--paper-dark); }
.hover\:text-\[\#4a90e2\]:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.hover\:text-\[\#00bcd4\]:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.border-white { border-color: var(--hairline); }
.border-gray-100 { border-color: var(--hairline-soft); }
.border-gray-200 { border-color: var(--hairline); }
.border-gray-300 { border-color: var(--hairline); }
.border-\[\#e1effe\] { border-color: var(--hairline); }
.hover\:border-\[\#e1effe\]:hover { border-color: var(--muted); }

.border-l-4 { border-left-width: 4px; }
.border-l-2 { border-left-width: 2px; }
.border-b { border-bottom-width: 1px; }
.border-t { border-top-width: 1px; }
.border-2 { border-width: 2px; }
.border-4 { border-width: 4px; }
.border { border-width: 1px; }

/* Effects — structure comes from hairlines, not shadows or rounding. */
.shadow-sm { box-shadow: none; }
.shadow-md { box-shadow: none; }
.shadow-xl { box-shadow: none; }
.rounded-full { border-radius: 0; }
.rounded-md { border-radius: 0; }
.rounded-lg { border-radius: 0; }
.rounded { border-radius: 0; }
.transition-colors {
  transition-property: color, background-color, border-color, text-decoration-color, fill, stroke;
  transition-timing-function: ease;
  transition-duration: 150ms;
}
.transition-all {
  transition-property: all;
  transition-timing-function: ease;
  transition-duration: 150ms;
}
.duration-300 { transition-duration: 300ms; }
.sticky { position: sticky; }
.top-0 { top: 0; }
.top-24 { top: 6rem; }
.z-50 { z-index: 50; }
.overflow-hidden { overflow: hidden; }
.opacity-90 { opacity: 1; }
.object-cover { object-fit: cover; }
.inline-flex { display: inline-flex; }
.inline-block { display: inline-block; }
.block { display: block; }
.hidden { display: none; }
.relative { position: relative; }
.absolute { position: absolute; }
.shrink-0 { flex-shrink: 0; }

/* Container */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 76rem;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
  padding-right: 1.25rem;
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .container {
    padding-left: 2rem;
    padding-right: 2rem;
  }
}

/* Flex */
.flex-1 { flex: 1 1 0%; }

/* Grid */
.grid { display: grid; }
.grid-cols-1 { grid-template-columns: repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.grid-cols-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }

/* Header */
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  background: var(--paper);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  transition: box-shadow 200ms ease;
}

.header-scrolled {
  box-shadow: 0 1px 0 var(--hairline), 0 6px 16px rgba(32, 31, 27, 0.05);
}

.site-header-inner {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
  padding-top: 0.7rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.7rem;
}

.brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  min-width: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.brand-photo {
  width: 2.5rem;
  height: 2.5rem;
  object-fit: cover;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  background: var(--card);
  padding: 1px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.brand-text { min-width: 0; }

.brand-name {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.brand-role {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.4;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}

.nav-icon-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--muted);
  transition: color 150ms ease;
}

.nav-icon-link:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* Theme toggle */
.theme-toggle {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 2.25rem;
  height: 2.25rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  background: var(--card);
  color: var(--muted);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 150ms ease, border-color 150ms ease;
  margin-inline-end: 0.35rem;
}

.theme-toggle:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

/* Copy-email micro button (contact tab) */
.copy-email {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 1.75rem;
  height: 1.75rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--muted);
  cursor: pointer;
  vertical-align: middle;
  margin-inline-start: 0.45rem;
  transition: color 150ms ease, border-color 150ms ease;
}

.copy-email:hover,
.copy-email.copied {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

::selection {
  background: var(--accent-soft);
}

/* Tab content motion — children settle in, staggered */
.tab-content .card > * {
  animation: contentIn 240ms ease backwards;
}

.tab-content .card > *:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 50ms; }
.tab-content .card > *:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 100ms; }
.tab-content .card > *:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 150ms; }
.tab-content .card > *:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: 200ms; }
.tab-content .card > *:nth-child(n+6) { animation-delay: 250ms; }

@keyframes contentIn {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(6px); }
  to { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  .tab-content .card > * { animation: none; }
}

/* Language switcher */
.lang-switcher {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  background: var(--card);
  padding: 2px;
  margin-inline-end: 0.35rem;
}

.lang-btn {
  min-width: 2.25rem;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.55rem;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 150ms ease, background-color 150ms ease;
}

.lang-btn:hover { color: var(--ink); }

.lang-btn:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 1px;
}

.lang-btn-active {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
}

/* Hero */
.hero {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  background-color: var(--paper);
  /* Faint topographic-contour motif — a nod to field mapping and remote sensing */
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='520' height='520' viewBox='0 0 520 520'%3E%3Cg fill='none' stroke='%23201f1b' stroke-opacity='0.05' stroke-width='1'%3E%3Cpath d='M260 70c95 0 175 65 175 150s-80 160-175 160-185-70-185-155S165 70 260 70z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M260 105c75 0 138 53 138 118s-64 128-138 128-152-58-152-122 77-124 152-124z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M266 140c55 0 102 42 102 88s-48 96-106 96-118-44-118-94 63-90 122-90z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M272 175c38 0 70 30 70 62s-38 68-76 68-84-30-84-64 46-66 90-66z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M278 210c24 0 44 18 44 38s-24 42-48 42-54-18-54-40 30-40 58-40z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  background-size: 520px 520px;
}

.hero-figure { margin: 0; }

/* Specimen plate: strong ink frame with an equal, very narrow matte on
   all four sides — the near-black border is what makes the unit read as
   a mounted print against the paper background. */
.photo-frame {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--card);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  padding: 2px;
}

.photo-frame .hero-photo {
  display: block;
}

.hero-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2rem;
  padding-top: 3.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 3.5rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .hero-inner {
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 3.5rem;
    padding-top: 5rem;
    padding-bottom: 4.5rem;
  }
}

.hero-photo-col {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.photo-frame { width: fit-content; }

.hero-photo {
  width: 11rem;
  height: 11rem;
  object-fit: cover;
  filter: saturate(0.97) contrast(1.02);
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .hero-photo {
    width: 12rem;
    height: 12rem;
  }
}

.hero-caption {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  max-width: 13rem;
  margin-top: 0.55rem;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.hero-main { min-width: 0; }

.hero-name {
  font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 5vw, 3.25rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
}

.hero-role {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}

.hero-lead {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  max-width: 42rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}

.hero-fields {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.dot-sep { margin: 0 0.45rem; }

.latest-line {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  max-width: 46rem;
  margin-top: 1.4rem;
  padding-top: 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.latest-label { color: var(--muted); }

.latest-line a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  text-decoration-color: transparent;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  transition: text-decoration-color 150ms ease;
}

.latest-line a:hover { text-decoration-color: currentColor; }

.hero-stats {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 1.4rem;
}

.stat {
  padding-inline-end: 1.75rem;
  margin-inline-end: 1.75rem;
  border-inline-end: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}

.stat:last-of-type {
  border-inline-end: none;
  margin-inline-end: 0.75rem;
}

.stat-num {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.stat-label {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.stat-src {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

/* Sidebar */
.sidebar-nav {
  background: var(--card);
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}

.aside-heading {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.aside-link {
  color: var(--text-2);
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  text-decoration-color: transparent;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  transition: color 150ms ease, text-decoration-color 150ms ease;
}

.aside-link:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.aside-link i { color: var(--muted); }

.aside-static {
  color: var(--text-2);
}

.aside-static i { color: var(--muted); }

/* Tab navigation */
.tab-button {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: left;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  border: none;
  border-inline-start: 2px solid transparent;
  padding: 0.6rem 0.75rem;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 150ms ease, color 150ms ease, border-color 150ms ease;
}

.tab-button i {
  color: var(--muted);
  width: 1.25rem;
  transition: color 150ms ease;
}

.tab-button:hover { background: var(--paper-dark); }

.tab-button:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: -2px;
}

.tab-button.active {
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border-inline-start-color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.tab-button.active i { color: var(--accent); }

[role="tablist"] li {
  list-style: none !important;
}

.tab-content {
  display: block;
}

/* Card */
.card {
  background: var(--card);
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}

.tab-panel-section .card {
  max-width: 100%;
}

.tab-error-card {
  border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--error);
}

.separator {
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--hairline);
}

/* Badge — quiet mono metadata, not a pill */
.badge {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  padding: 0;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

/* Buttons */
.download-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-main);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 150ms ease;
}

.download-button:hover { background: var(--accent); }

.header-cv-btn { white-space: nowrap; }

#pub-search ~ button,
.btn-pub-search,
#contact-form button {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-main);
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 150ms ease;
}

#pub-search ~ button:hover,
.btn-pub-search:hover,
#contact-form button:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
}

.pub-search-row .btn-pub-search { flex-shrink: 0; }

/* Forms */
input, textarea, select {
  border-radius: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  background: var(--card);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-main);
  transition: border-color 150ms ease;
}

input:focus, textarea:focus, select:focus {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  outline: none;
}

.input-focus-ring:focus {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 1px;
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

/* Footer */
.site-footer {
  background: var(--paper);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  padding-top: 1.4rem;
  padding-bottom: 1.6rem;
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

.footer-note {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.visitor-strip {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.visitor-strip .fa-eye { font-size: 0.8125rem; }

/* Custom icons */
.google-scholar-icon {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 1em;
  height: 1em;
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='currentColor' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M5.242 13.769L0 9.5 12 0l12 9.5-5.242 4.269C17.548 11.249 14.978 9.5 12 9.5c-2.977 0-5.548 1.748-6.758 4.269zM12 10a7 7 0 1 0 0 14 7 7 0 0 0 0-14z' /%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center;
  background-size: contain;
}

.orcid-icon {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 1em;
  height: 1em;
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='currentColor' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 0C5.372 0 0 5.372 0 12s5.372 12 12 12 12-5.372 12-12S18.628 0 12 0zM7.369 4.378c.525 0 .947.431.947.947s-.422.947-.947.947a.95.95 0 0 1-.947-.947c0-.525.422-.947.947-.947zm-.722 3.038h1.444v10.041H6.647V7.416zm4.162 0h3.881c3.131 0 5.134 2.044 5.134 5.022 0 2.978-1.966 5.022-5.134 5.022h-3.881V7.416zm1.444 1.303v7.444h2.406c2.456 0 3.728-1.559 3.728-3.728 0-2.169-1.291-3.722-3.728-3.722h-2.406v.006z' /%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center;
  background-size: contain;
}

/* Links */
a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

a.hover\:underline:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* Prose */
.prose {
  max-width: 65ch;
  color: var(--text-2);
}

.prose p {
  margin-top: 1.25em;
  margin-bottom: 1.25em;
}

.prose p, .text-justify, p.text-justify {
  text-align: justify;
}

.prose ul {
  margin-top: 1.25em;
  margin-bottom: 1.25em;
}

ul.list-disc {
  list-style-type: disc;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
}

ul.list-inside { list-style-position: inside; }

ul.list-disc li::marker { color: var(--accent); }

.max-w-none { max-width: none; }
.max-w-2xl { max-width: 42rem; }

/* Activity feed (About tab) */
.activity-section {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
}

.activity-section h3 {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
}

.activity-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding-block: 0.45rem;
}

.activity-date {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  min-width: 4.25rem;
}

.activity-body { min-width: 0; }

.activity-kind {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.activity-title {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.activity-title a {
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  text-decoration-color: transparent;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  transition: text-decoration-color 150ms ease;
}

.activity-title a:hover { text-decoration-color: currentColor; }

.activity-title a {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.activity-title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

.activity-loading {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

/* Accessibility */
.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border-width: 0;
}

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  inset-inline-start: -9999px;
  top: auto;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  z-index: 100;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  position: fixed;
  inset-inline-start: 1rem;
  top: 1rem;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  overflow: visible;
  clip: auto;
}

/* Timeline (Research tab) */
.timeline-dot-offset { left: -9px; }

/* RTL */
body.is-rtl { font-family: var(--font-rtl); }

body.is-rtl .text-left { text-align: right; }

body.is-rtl .md\:text-left { text-align: right; }

body.is-rtl .tab-button { text-align: right; }

body.is-rtl .timeline-dot-offset {
  left: auto;
  right: -9px;
}

body.is-rtl .md\:pl-8 {
  padding-left: 0;
  padding-right: 2rem;
}

body.is-rtl .md\:border-l-2 {
  border-left-width: 0;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-style: solid;
}

body.is-rtl .md\:ml-2 {
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

/* Responsive: mobile */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .download-button {
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .grid-cols-3 {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .grid { gap: 1rem; }

  .tab-button { padding: 0.75rem 1rem; min-height: 2.75rem; }

  .tab-content { margin-top: 1rem; }

  .py-16 {
    padding-top: 2rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
  }

  .px-8 {
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
    padding-right: 1.25rem;
  }

  .text-3xl { font-size: 1.5rem; }
  .text-xl { font-size: 1.125rem; }

  .stat {
    padding-inline-end: 1.1rem;
    margin-inline-end: 1.1rem;
  }

  .stat-num { font-size: 1.25rem; }

  .hero-inner { padding-top: 2.5rem; padding-bottom: 2.75rem; }
}

/* Responsive: small */
@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .sm\:flex-row { flex-direction: row; }
  .sm\:flex-col { flex-direction: column; }
  .sm\:items-center { align-items: center; }
  .sm\:items-start { align-items: flex-start; }
  .sm\:w-80 { width: 20rem; }
  .sm\:ml-2 { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
  .sm\:grid-cols-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .sm\:p-6 { padding: 1.5rem; }
}

/* Responsive: tablet */
@media (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
  .sidebar-nav [role='tablist'] {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0.35rem;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
  .md\:w-72 { width: 14rem; }

  .px-8 {
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
    padding-right: 1.5rem;
  }
}

/* Responsive: desktop */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .md\:flex { display: flex; }
  .md\:flex-row { flex-direction: row; }
  .md\:items-start { align-items: flex-start; }
  .md\:w-72 { width: 18rem; }
  .md\:w-1\/4 { width: 25%; }
  .md\:w-3\/4 { width: 75%; }
  .md\:grid-cols-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .md\:gap-12 { gap: 3.5rem; }
  .md\:py-24 { padding-top: 6rem; padding-bottom: 6rem; }
  .md\:text-left { text-align: left; }
  .md\:text-4xl { font-size: 2.25rem; }
  .md\:text-2xl { font-size: 1.5rem; }
  .md\:justify-start { justify-content: flex-start; }
  .md\:mb-0 { margin-bottom: 0; }
  .md\:sticky { position: sticky; }
  .md\:top-24 { top: 6rem; }
  .md\:self-start { align-self: flex-start; }
  .md\:py-12 { padding-top: 3rem; padding-bottom: 3rem; }
  .md\:pl-8 { padding-left: 2rem; }
  .md\:ml-2 { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
  .md\:border-l-2 {
    border-left-width: 2px;
    border-left-style: solid;
  }
  .md\:hidden { display: none; }
  .md\:block { display: block; }
  .hidden.md\:block { display: block; }
  .hidden.md\:flex { display: flex; }
}

/* Responsive: large */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .lg\:flex { display: flex; }
  .lg\:flex-row { flex-direction: row; }
  .lg\:gap-8 { gap: 2rem; }
  .lg\:w-72 { width: 18rem; }
  .lg\:sticky { position: sticky; }
  .lg\:top-24 { top: 6rem; }
  .lg\:self-start { align-self: flex-start; }
  .lg\:shrink-0 { flex-shrink: 0; }
  .lg\:grid-cols-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}

.layout-main { align-items: stretch; }

/* Responsive: phones — scrollable chip navigation instead of a long button stack */
@media (max-width: 639px) {
  .sidebar-nav [role='tablist'] {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
    scrollbar-width: thin;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  }

  .sidebar-nav [role='tablist'] li { flex-shrink: 0; }

  .sidebar-nav .tab-button {
    width: auto;
    white-space: nowrap;
    border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
    padding: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
    min-height: 2.75rem;
  }

  .sidebar-nav .tab-button.active {
    border-color: var(--accent);
  }
}

/* Field-sites map */
.map-section {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
}

.map-section h3 {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
}

.field-map {
  height: 340px;
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  background: var(--paper-dark);
  z-index: 1;
}

.leaflet-container {
  font-family: var(--font-main);
}

.leaflet-popup-content-wrapper {
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}

.leaflet-popup-content {
  margin: 0.6rem 0.75rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

[data-theme="dark"] .leaflet-tile {
  filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(185deg) brightness(0.85) contrast(0.9) saturate(0.6);
}

/* Ctrl+K search palette */
.palette-backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  z-index: 90;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.palette-backdrop[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.palette {
  width: min(580px, 92vw);
  margin-top: 11vh;
  background: var(--card);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  animation: contentIn 150ms ease;
}

.palette-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  padding: 0.8rem 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}

.palette-row i { color: var(--muted); }

.palette-row input {
  flex: 1;
  border: none;
  outline: none;
  background: transparent;
  font-family: var(--font-main);
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.palette-row kbd {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  padding: 0.1rem 0.35rem;
}

.palette-results {
  max-height: 340px;
  overflow-y: auto;
}

.palette-item {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 1rem;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: start;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.palette-item .pi-label {
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.palette-item .pi-kind {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.palette-item:hover,
.palette-item.selected {
  background: var(--accent-soft);
}

.palette-empty {
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

/* Print — Ctrl+P on a tab yields a clean document */
@media print {
  .site-header, .site-footer, .sidebar-nav, .to-top, .visitor-strip, .skip-link,
  .lang-switcher, .download-button, .theme-toggle, .pub-search-row, .pub-openalex-note {
    display: none !important;
  }

  body { background: #fff; color: #000; }
  main { padding: 0 !important; }
  .hero { border-bottom: none; background: none; }
  .card { border: 1px solid #ddd; box-shadow: none; animation: none !important; }
  .tab-content .card > * { animation: none !important; }
  a { color: #000 !important; }
}

/* ============================================================
   Dark mode — same palette relationships, dark ground. Activated
   by the header toggle (persisted) or by system preference.
   ============================================================ */
[data-theme="dark"] {
  --paper: #171613;
  --paper-dark: #201e19;
  --card: #1d1b17;
  --ink: #ece7db;
  --text-2: #c9c3b4;
  --muted: #9d9683;
  --hairline: #38342c;
  --hairline-soft: #2c2923;
  --accent: #7cc49b;
  --accent-dark: #5da87f;
  --accent-soft: #243829;
  --error: #d98a68;
}

[data-theme="dark"] .hero {
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='520' height='520' viewBox='0 0 520 520'%3E%3Cg fill='none' stroke='%23ece7db' stroke-opacity='0.04' stroke-width='1'%3E%3Cpath d='M260 70c95 0 175 65 175 150s-80 160-175 160-185-70-185-155S165 70 260 70z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M260 105c75 0 138 53 138 118s-64 128-138 128-152-58-152-122 77-124 152-124z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M266 140c55 0 102 42 102 88s-48 96-106 96-118-44-118-94 63-90 122-90z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M272 175c38 0 70 30 70 62s-38 68-76 68-84-30-84-64 46-66 90-66z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M278 210c24 0 44 18 44 38s-24 42-48 42-54-18-54-40 30-40 58-40z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) {
    --paper: #171613;
    --paper-dark: #201e19;
    --card: #1d1b17;
    --ink: #ece7db;
    --text-2: #c9c3b4;
    --muted: #9d9683;
    --hairline: #38342c;
    --hairline-soft: #2c2923;
    --accent: #7cc49b;
    --accent-dark: #5da87f;
    --accent-soft: #243829;
    --error: #d98a68;
  }

  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .hero {
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='520' height='520' viewBox='0 0 520 520'%3E%3Cg fill='none' stroke='%23ece7db' stroke-opacity='0.04' stroke-width='1'%3E%3Cpath d='M260 70c95 0 175 65 175 150s-80 160-175 160-185-70-185-155S165 70 260 70z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M260 105c75 0 138 53 138 118s-64 128-138 128-152-58-152-122 77-124 152-124z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M266 140c55 0 102 42 102 88s-48 96-106 96-118-44-118-94 63-90 122-90z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M272 175c38 0 70 30 70 62s-38 68-76 68-84-30-84-64 46-66 90-66z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M278 210c24 0 44 18 44 38s-24 42-48 42-54-18-54-40 30-40 58-40z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  }
}

/* Back to top */
.to-top {
  position: fixed;
  inset-inline-end: 1.25rem;
  bottom: 1.25rem;
  width: 2.5rem;
  height: 2.5rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  cursor: pointer;
  z-index: 40;
  transition: background-color 150ms ease;
}

.to-top:hover { background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); }

/* First-paint entrance: the two hero blocks settle in, staggered */
.hero-inner > * {
  animation: contentIn 240ms ease backwards;
}

.hero-inner > *:nth-child(2) {
  animation-delay: 90ms;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .hero-inner > * { animation: none; }
}